![]() ![]() Similar numbers perished in an outbreak in Holland in the 1660s. The latter was so virulent that, by October, one in 10 Londoners had succumbed to the disease-over 60,000 people. Another bout of the plague significantly culled the population of France during an outbreak between 16, followed by an epidemic in London in the summer of 1665. During the 1630s, fresh outbreaks of plague killed half the populations of affected cities. That was just the beginning of the second pandemic. In the Middle Ages, the Black Death burst onto the scene, with the first historically documented outbreak occurring in 1346 in the Lower Volga and Black Sea regions. (The Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I, for whom the pandemic is named, actually survived the disease.) There continued to be outbreaks of the plague over the next 300 years, although the disease gradually became less virulent and died out. The first, known as the Justinian Plague, broke out about 541 CE and quickly spread across Asia, North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. ![]() Technically, we're talking about the second plague pandemic. They found that one strain seemed to be the ancestor of all the strains that came after it, indicating that the pandemic spread from a single entry point into Europe from the East-specifically, a Russian town called Laishevo. Now researchers have traced the genetic history of the bacterium believed to be behind the plague in a recent paper published in Nature Communications. ![]() The Black Death ravaged medieval Western Europe, wiping out roughly one-third of the population. Archeodunum SAS, Gourvennec Michaƫl reader comments 83 with ![]()
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